The Strait of Hormuz is one of the most strategically important waterways in the world. This narrow passage, located between Oman and Iran, connects the Persian Gulf to the Arabian Sea and global shipping routes. Beneath and around these contested waters lie some of the richest oil and gas deposits on Earth — a legacy of hundreds of millions of years of tectonic activity, ancient salt formations, and vast carbonate platforms.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly advanced scientific analysis not only in climate change but also across all other branches where data processing, enhanced modelling, simulation, and complex tasks are involved. The present is the era of AI, which is growing rapidly and evolving from AI Agents to Artificial Generative Intelligence (AGI).